Superconductivity is a macroscopic quantum state in which certain materials exhibit exactly zero electrical resistance and expel magnetic fields when cooled below a critical temperature. Discovered by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in 1911 in mercury at 4.2 K, it remained one of the deepest puzzles in physics until Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer explained it in 1957 through electron pairing mediated by lattice vibrations.
These simulations let you visualize Cooper pair condensation, watch magnetic flux get expelled from a superconductor, map the critical-field phase boundary, explore Josephson tunneling across weak links, and build Abrikosov vortex lattices — all with interactive parameter controls grounded in real condensed-matter physics.