physics

Nuclear Physics

The power locked inside atoms — radioactive decay, fission chain reactions, fusion ignition, and the half-lives that shape our universe.

nuclear physicsradioactivityfissionfusionhalf-lifechain reactionnuclear energy

Inside every atomic nucleus, protons and neutrons are bound together by the strong nuclear force — the most powerful force in nature. When nuclei split (fission) or merge (fusion), they release millions of times more energy per atom than any chemical reaction. This nuclear energy powers the Sun, drives nuclear reactors, and created the most destructive weapons in history.

These simulations explore nuclear physics from radioactive decay chains to fission chain reactions and the extreme conditions needed for fusion. Watch uranium atoms split in a cascade, calculate how long radioactive materials remain dangerous, and discover why achieving controlled fusion has been 'thirty years away' for seventy years.

4 interactive simulations

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Radiometric Dating Calculator

Calculate the age of rocks, fossils, and artifacts using radioactive isotope ratios — from Carbon-14 dating of ancient wood to Uranium-Lead dating of Earth's oldest minerals

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Nuclear Fission Chain Reaction Simulator

Simulate a nuclear fission chain reaction — watch neutrons split uranium atoms, adjust control rods and enrichment to balance criticality between sustained power and runaway explosion

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Nuclear Fusion & Ignition Simulator

Explore the extreme conditions needed for nuclear fusion — adjust plasma temperature, density, and confinement to chase the Lawson criterion and achieve ignition

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Radioactive Decay & Half-Life Simulator

Watch unstable atoms decay in real time — visualize exponential decay curves, understand half-lives, and explore decay chains from parent to daughter nuclei