Membrane science lies at the intersection of materials engineering, thermodynamics, and transport phenomena. Semi-permeable membranes selectively allow certain molecules to pass while rejecting others, enabling purification, concentration, and fractionation processes that are far more energy-efficient than traditional thermal separations. From producing drinking water via reverse osmosis to capturing carbon dioxide from flue gas, membrane technology underpins some of the most critical industrial and environmental processes of the 21st century.
These simulations explore the core physics of five major membrane processes: pressure-driven reverse osmosis, size-exclusion ultrafiltration, solution-diffusion gas separation, thermally-driven membrane distillation, and electrically-driven electrodialysis. Adjust transmembrane pressures, feed concentrations, membrane properties, and operating temperatures to observe how flux, rejection, selectivity, and efficiency respond in real time.