biology

Genetics

The code of life — from Mendel's peas to CRISPR gene editing, explore how DNA encodes, replicates, and evolves the blueprint of every living organism.

geneticsDNAinheritanceMendelCRISPRallelesgenomemutations

Every living organism carries within its cells a molecular instruction manual written in the four-letter alphabet of DNA: A, T, C, G. These three billion letters in the human genome encode roughly 20,000 genes that build proteins, regulate development, and ultimately define the biological machinery of life. Understanding genetics means understanding the most fundamental code in nature.

These simulations explore genetics from Mendel's foundational experiments with pea plants to modern population genetics and gene editing. Predict inheritance patterns with Punnett squares, watch allele frequencies shift through Hardy-Weinberg dynamics, observe DNA replication at the molecular level, and see how CRISPR-Cas9 targets and edits specific genes.

5 interactive simulations

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CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing

Visualize CRISPR-Cas9 in action — guide RNA targets a DNA sequence, Cas9 cuts the double strand, and the cell repairs via NHEJ or HDR pathways

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DNA Replication Fork

Watch DNA unwind and replicate — visualize the replication fork with helicase, primase, and DNA polymerase synthesizing leading and lagging strands in real time

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Genetic Code & Protein Translation

Decode mRNA into proteins — watch ribosomes translate codons into amino acids, introduce mutations, and discover how frameshift errors devastate protein structure

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Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Explore population genetics — watch allele frequencies evolve across generations under genetic drift, natural selection, and the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium principle

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Punnett Square & Mendelian Inheritance

Simulate Mendelian inheritance with interactive Punnett squares — predict offspring genotype ratios, test complete vs incomplete dominance, and validate results with chi-squared analysis