physics

Cosmology & the Expanding Universe

The study of the universe at its largest scales — Hubble expansion, cosmic microwave background radiation, dark energy acceleration, primordial nucleosynthesis, and inflationary models that explain the origin and fate of everything.

cosmologyHubble expansioncosmic microwave backgrounddark energyBig Bangnucleosynthesisinflationuniverse

Cosmology is the scientific study of the origin, evolution, and ultimate fate of the universe. From Hubble's discovery of cosmic expansion to the detection of the cosmic microwave background, observations have transformed our understanding of space and time. The standard ΛCDM model weaves together general relativity, particle physics, and thermodynamics into a coherent narrative spanning 13.8 billion years.

These simulations let you explore the key pillars of modern cosmology: measure galactic recession with Hubble's law, decode the CMB power spectrum, quantify dark energy's accelerating push, trace primordial element formation in the first minutes, and visualize the exponential expansion of cosmic inflation — all with interactive, physically grounded calculations.

5 interactive simulations

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Big Bang Nucleosynthesis & Primordial Abundances

Simulate primordial nucleosynthesis — explore how baryon density and neutron lifetime determine the abundances of hydrogen, helium, deuterium, and lithium formed in the first minutes

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Cosmic Inflation & Exponential Expansion

Simulate cosmic inflation — explore how the inflaton field drives exponential expansion, solving the flatness and horizon problems

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CMB Power Spectrum & Anisotropies

Simulate the cosmic microwave background power spectrum — explore how baryon density, dark matter, and curvature shape the acoustic peaks

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Dark Energy & Cosmic Acceleration

Simulate the cosmological constant and dark energy — explore how the equation of state parameter drives the accelerating expansion of the universe

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Hubble's Law & Redshift-Distance Relation

Simulate Hubble's law — explore how recession velocity scales with distance and how the Hubble constant determines the age of the universe