Biogeochemistry studies how chemical elements cycle through the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. These nutrient cycles — carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur — regulate climate, sustain ecosystems, and constrain biological productivity. Human activities have dramatically altered every major cycle, with consequences from ocean acidification to eutrophication.
These simulations let you model carbon fluxes between atmosphere and ocean, trace nitrogen through fixation and denitrification, follow phosphorus from rock weathering to sediment burial, explore sulfur redox chemistry, and visualize the ocean biological carbon pump — all with real-time interactive controls and Earth-system-scale models.