chemistry

Astrochemistry & Molecular Space

From molecular clouds to protoplanetary disks, astrochemistry explores how over 200 molecules form and survive in the harsh conditions of interstellar space — revealing the chemical origins of stars, planets, and ultimately life itself.

molecular cloudsspectral linesinterstellar chemistryice mantlesphotodissociationisotope fractionationdeuterium

Astrochemistry sits at the intersection of astronomy and chemistry, studying molecules in interstellar clouds, circumstellar envelopes, and planetary atmospheres. In the near-vacuum of space, exotic reactions occur on dust grain surfaces and through gas-phase ion-molecule pathways that have no terrestrial analogue, producing complex organic molecules far from any living system.

These simulations let you explore the molecular universe. Model chemical networks in dense molecular clouds, identify molecules through their rotational spectral fingerprints, watch ice mantles grow on interstellar grains, probe photodissociation regions where UV light drives radical chemistry, and discover how isotope fractionation enriches cold clouds in deuterium — a tracer of our solar system's birth environment.

5 interactive simulations

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Grain Surface Ice Chemistry

Model the growth of molecular ice mantles on interstellar dust grains through accretion, surface reactions, and thermal desorption

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Deuterium Enrichment in Cold Clouds

Simulate isotope fractionation reactions that enrich cold molecular clouds in deuterium, tracing the chemical heritage of our solar system

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Interstellar Molecular Cloud Chemistry

Simulate gas-phase ion-molecule reaction networks inside a dense molecular cloud and watch molecular abundances evolve over millions of years

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Photodissociation Region (PDR) Chemistry

Explore UV-driven chemistry at the boundary between ionized gas and molecular clouds where photodissociation and photoionization shape the chemical structure

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Rotational Spectral Line Identification

Match observed radio/submillimeter spectral lines to molecular species using rotational transition frequencies and quantum numbers